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Environment and pharmaceuticals / Environmentally classified pharmaceuticals / J Anti-infectives for systemic use

Environmentally classified pharmaceuticals

Two substances may have the same risk values but different PBT values, but the risk assessment can also be different even if the PBT values are the same. When assessing a medication's environmental impact, consideration should be given to both environmental risk and environmental hazard since bioaccumulation and persistence are not included in the risk assessment.

The Swedish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry conducted the environmental risk assessment, beginning in 2005.

How to read the table

Last updated: 2011-07-20

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J Anti-infectives for systemic use

 Substance  Risk  PBT  P  B  T  Volume in DDD
J01 Antibacterials for systemic use
vancomycin exempt         12 635 
metronidazole insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 227 399 
E 359 205 
nitrofurantoin insigni-
ficant		 5 3 0 2 233 745 
piperacillin

tazobactam
(enzyme inhibitor)		 insigni-
ficant
cannot be excl		 5

-		 3

-		 0

-		 2

-		 26 250 

 
trimethoprim insigni-
ficant		 5 3 0 2 225 422 
C 238 288 
erythromycin insigni-
ficant		 6 3 0 3 270 428 
clarithromycin insigni-
ficant		 6 3 0 3 53 166 
C 17 472 
pivmecillinam low 4 3 0 1 435 308 
ceftazidime low 6 3 0 3 8 624 
sulfa-
methoxazole		 low 6
N.B.		 3 0 3
N.B.		 C 238 288 
amoxicillin moderate 6 3 0 3 1 075 471 
C 249 551 
ampicillin cannot be excl 3
N.B.		 3 0 0
N.B.		 12 800 
meropenem cannot be excl 3
N.B.		 3 0 0
N.B.		 25 358 
benzylpenicillin cannot be excl 4
N.B.		 3 0 1
N.B.		 35 625 
imipenem

cilastatin
(enzyme inhibitor)		 cannot be excl
cannot be excl		 4
N.B.
5
N.B.		 3

3		 0

0		 1
N.B.
2
N.B.		 9 930 
ciprofloxacin cannot be excl 5 3 0 2 567 890 
gentamicin cannot be excl 6 3 0 3 10 414 
E 30 
cefotaxime cannot be excl 6
N.B.		 3 3
N.B.		 0
N.B.		 46 978 
clindamycin cannot be excl 6
N.B.		 3 0 3
N.B.		 232 401 
E 715 981 
cloxacillin cannot be excl 6
N.B.		 3 0 3
N.B.		 107 751 
phenoxymethyl-
penicillin		 cannot be excl -  -  0 -  3 178 227 
flucloxacillin cannot be excl - - 0 - 1 237 954 
cefadroxil cannot be excl - - - - 123 295 
doxycycline cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 1 338 256 
lymecycline cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 1 049 590 
teicoplanin exempt         1 956 
ertapenem insigni-
ficant		 0 0 0 0 1 488 
cefepime insigni-
ficant		 3
N.B.		 3 0 0
N.B.		 - 
cefuroxime insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 54 044 
moxifloxacin insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 9 266 
ceftriaxone insigni-
ficant		 4
N.B.		 3 0 1
N.B.		 10 616 
fusidic acid insigni-
ficant		 5 3 0 2 8 164 
E 375 860 
levofloxacin insigni-
ficant		 8
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 3 2 19 941 
telithromycin insigni-
ficant		 9 3 3 3 45 
ofloxacin insigni-
ficant		 9
N.B.		 3 3
N.B.		 3 4 645 
azithromycin low 6 3 0 3 50 112 
tetracycline low 6 3 0 3 200 046 
ceftibuten cannot be excl 3
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 0
N.B.		 23 967 
norfloxacin cannot be excl 5
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 2 42 516 
aztreonam cannot be excl 6
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 3 222 
tobramycin cannot be excl  -  -  0  - 4 932 
roxithromycin cannot be excl  -  -  -  1
N.B.		 2 800 
amikacin cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 1 218 
cefalexin cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 2 481 
dicloxacillin cannot be excl -  -  -  -  65 
loracarbef cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 17 581 
methenamine cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 1 193 606 
netilmicin cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 497 
oxytetracycline   6
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 3
N.B.		 12 620 
C, E 198 260 
J02 Antimycotics for systemic use
fluconazole cannot be excl 4
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 1 149 770 
caspofungin insigni-
ficant		 3 0 0 3 3 631 
itraconazole insigni-
ficant		 6 3 3 0 19 801 
ketoconazole low 9 3 3 3 4 540 
E 2 400 900 
amphotericin B cannot be excl -  -  -  -  20 915 
flucytocine cannot be excl -  -  -  -  - 
J04 Antimycobacterials
isoniazid insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 131 200 
C 627 
rifampicin cannot be excl -  -  -  0
N.B.		 99 334 
C 627 
J05 Antivirals for systemic use
aciclovir insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 123 079 
E 1 952 
enfuvirtide exempt         1 440 
stavudine insigni-
ficant		 1 0 0 1 364 
indinavir insigni-
ficant		 1
N.B.		 0 0 1
N.B.		 300 
foscarnet insigni-
ficant		 3 3 0 0 - 
ganciclovir insigni-
ficant		 3 3 0 0 1 432 
valganciklovir insigni-
ficant		 3 3 0 0 15 716 
didanosine insigni-
ficant		 3
N.B.		 3 0 0
N.B.		 5 449 
ribavirin insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 57 117 
abacavir insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 9 418 
C 307 770 
lamivudine insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 45 773 
C 320 010 
nevirapine insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 60 054 
famciclovir insigni-
ficant		 4
N.B.		 3 0 1
N.B.		 3 827 
oseltamivir insigni-
ficant		 4
N.B.		 3 0 1
N.B.		 31 439 
atazanavir insigni-
ficant		 5 3 0 2 219 910 
tipranavir insigni-
ficant		 5 3 0 2 - 
etravirine insigni-
ficant		 6 3 0 3 - 
fosamprenavir insigni-
ficant		 6 3 3 0 690 
nelfinavir insigni-
ficant		 6 3 3 0 - 
efavirenz insigni-
ficant		 6
N.B.		 3 0 3
N.B.		 124 510 
C 118 680 
saquinavir insigni-
ficant		 7 3 3 1 580 
valaciclovir insigni-
ficant		 7 3 3 1 199 534 
zanamivir cannot be excl 3
N.B.		 3 0 0
N.B.		 350 
amprenavir cannot be excl 4
N.B.		 3 0 1
N.B.		 - 
zidovudine cannot be excl 4
N.B.		 3 0 1
N.B.		 4 177 
C 23 190 
J06 Immune sera and immunglobulins
immunoglobulin anti-d exempt         - 
immunoglobulin normal exempt         - 
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