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Environment and pharmaceuticals / Environmentally classified pharmaceuticals / N Nervous system

Environmentally classified pharmaceuticals

Two substances may have the same risk values but different PBT values, but the risk assessment can also be different even if the PBT values are the same. When assessing a medication's environmental impact, consideration should be given to both environmental risk and environmental hazard since bioaccumulation and persistence are not included in the risk assessment.

The Swedish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry conducted the environmental risk assessment, beginning in 2005.

How to read the table

Last updated: 2011-07-20

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N Nervous system

 Substance  Risk  PBT  P  B  T  Volume in DDD
N01 Anesthetics
lidocaine insigni-
ficant		 3 3 0 0 69 
C, E 532 449 
prilocaine insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 - 
propofol low 6 3 0 3 -
mepivacaine cannot be excl 4
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 1
N.B.		 C 111 409 
bupivacaine cannot be excl 5
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 2
N.B.		 - 
epinephrine cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 135 685 
droperiodol cannot be excl  -  -  -  - - 
ropivacaine insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 - 
fentanyl cannot be excl 7
 3 3 1 600 030
excl inj liquid 
alfentanil cannot be excl  -  -  -  - - 
capsaicin cannot be excl  -  -  -  - - 
desflurane cannot be excl  -  -  -  - - 
isoflurane cannot be excl  -  -  -  - - 
ketamine cannot be excl  -  -  -  - - 
sufentanil cannot be excl  -  -  -  - - 
thiopental cannot be excl  -  -  -  - - 
N02 Analgesics
codeine insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 77 315 
C 6 169 528 
sumatriptan insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 797 405 
buprenorphine insigni-
ficant		 6
N.B.		  3  0 3
N.B. 		 557 550 
C 184 748 
paracetamol low 4 3 0 1 15 739 144 
C 6 144 584 
acetylsalicylic acid moderate 1 0 0 1 40 338 419 
C 6 446 122 
fentanyl cannot be excl 7 3 3 1 600 030
excl inj liquid 
morphine cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 553 410 
C 43 129 
phenazone insigni-
ficant		 3 3 0 0 C 1 694 
naratriptan insigni-
ficant		 3 3 0 0 7 074 
rizatriptan insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 254 392 
ergotamine low 7 3 3 1 C 41 790 
zolmitriptan cannot be excl 4
N.B.		 3 0 1
N.B.		 375 767 
dextropro-
poxiphene		 cannot be excl 8
N.B.		 3 3 2
N.B.		 990 404 
eletriptan cannot be excl 5
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 3 2
N.B.		 21 436 
pizotifen cannot be excl 9
N.B.		 3 3 3
N.B.		 31 830 
scopolamine cannot be excl - - 0 - 20 310 
C 43 129 
hydromorphone cannot be excl - - - - 334 552 
C 3 487 
oxycodone cannot be excl - - - - 1 220 909 
C 6 425 
pethidine cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 1 548 
tramadol cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 2 558 915 
N03 Antiepileptics
carbamazepine insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 1 169 410 
lamotrigine insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 1 101 691 
valproic acid insigni-
ficant		 4
N.B.		 3 0 1
N.B.		 1 116 733 
oxcarbazepine cannot be excl 4
N.B.		 3 0 1
N.B.		 93 666 
fosphenytoin cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 6 951 
gabapentin cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 625 544 
zonisamide insigni-
ficant		 1 0 0 1 48 570 
pregabalin insigni-
ficant		 3
N.B.		 3 0 0
N.B.		 1 939 106 
clonazepam insigni-
ficant		 4
N.B.		 3 0 1
N.B.		 146 790 
topiramate insigni-
ficant		 4
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 1 136 110 
vigabatrin cannot be excl 4
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 1
N.B.		 11 038 
ethosuximide cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 12 648 
felbamate cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 421 
phenytoin cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 478 981 
N04 Anti-Parkinson drugs
levodopa insigni-
ficant		 2 0 0 2 C 1 117 306 
benserazide insigni-
ficant		 5 3 0 2 C 888 729 
caribodopa cannot be excl 5
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 2
N.B.		 C 1 117 306 
pramipexole insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 326 281 
ropinirole insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 184 838 
entacapone low 5
N.B.		 3 0 2
N.B.		 95 464 
C 228 577 
selegilin cannot be excl  -  - 0  - 118 630 
biperiden cannot be excl - - - 2
N.B.		 248 240 
rasagiline cannot be excl  -  -  - 3
N.B.		 127 792 
cabergoline cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 21 092 
tolcapone cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 5 215 
trihexyphenidyl cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 259 018 
bromocriptine   9 3 3 3 148 534 
N05 Psycholeptics
lithium exempt         1 344 555 
quetiapine insigni-
ficant		 5
N.B.		 3 0 2
N.B.		 721 219 
olanzapine insigni-
ficant		 6 3 0 3 1 557 875 
risperidone insigni-
ficant		 8 3 3 2 639 765 
clozapine low 9 3 3 3 407 494 
diazepam cannot be excl 6
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 3
N.B.		 2 679 564 
zopiclone cannot be excl 8
N.B.		 3 3
N.B.		 2
N.B.		 15 421 822 
hydroxyzine cannot be excl  -  - 0  - 2 083 042 
oxazepam cannot be excl  -  - 0  - 2 299 028 
perphenazine cannot be excl  -  - 3  - 476 106 
propiomazine cannot be excl  -  -  -  3
N.B.		 10 189 391 
zuclopenthixol cannot be excl  -  -  - - 540 919 
valerian exempt         24 323 
clomethiazole insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 150 196 
nitrazepam insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 1 329 491 
palperidone insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 27 216 
midazolam insigni-
ficant		 5 3 0 2 111 808 
zolpidem insigni-
ficant		 5 3 0 2 8 811 294 
aripiprazole insigni-
ficant		 6 3 0 3 329 283 
haloperidol insigni-
ficant		 8
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 3 2 667 126 
flunitrazepam cannot be excl 4 3 0 1 1 080 191 
levome-
promazine		 cannot be excl 6 3 0 3 183 777 
buspirone cannot be excl 6
N.B.		 3 0 3
N.B.		 236 565 
fluphenazine cannot be excl 6
N.B.		 3 0 3
N.B.		 28 100 
prochlor-
perazine		 cannot be excl 8
N.B.		 3 3
N.B.		 2
N.B.		 4 457 
alprazolam cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 1 778 356 
flupentixol cannot be excl  -  -  - - 175 281 
chlorpro-
thixene		 cannot be excl  -  -  - - 23 418 
lorazepam cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 139 632 
melatonin cannot be excl - - - - 816 852 
melperone cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 14 803 
sertindole cannot be excl  -  -  - - 1 688 
triazolam cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 81 432 
zaleplon cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 130 550 
ziprasidone cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 105 378 
N06 Psychoanaleptics
methylphenidate insigni-
ficant		 5 3 0 2 3 719 505 
rivastigmine insigni-
ficant		 5 3 0 2 270 061 
venlafaxine insigni-
ficant		 5 3 0 2 4 076 210 
atomoxetine insigni-
ficant		 6 3 0 3 258 268 
mirtazapine insigni-
ficant		 8
N.B.		 3 3 2
N.B.		 4 108 674 
fluoxetine low 6 3 0 3 3 384 181 
galanthamine low 6 3 0 3 935 035 
amitriptyline low 9 3 3 3 1 290 254 
sertraline moderate 6 3 0 3 10 648 565 
donepezil cannot be excl  6
N.B.		 3
  0  3
N.B.		 743 188 
citalopram cannot be excl 9
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 3 3
N.B.		 13 616 513 
clomipramine   6 3 0 3 572 703 
moclobemide insigni-
ficant		 4 3 0 1 93 105 
fluvoxamin insigni-
ficant		 6 3 0 3 18 843 
duloxetine low 6 3 0 3 2 111 617 
mianserin low 9 3 3 3 198 063 
maprotiline cannot be excl 6 3 0 3 15 117 
trimipramine cannot be excl 6 3 0 3 11 487 
paroxetine cannot be excl 6
N.B.		 3 0 3
N.B.		 1 685 057 
escitalopram cannot be excl 9
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 3 3
N.B.		 3 716 062 
nortriptyline cannot be excl 9
N.B.		 3 3 3
N.B.		 71 586 
memantine cannot be excl  -  -  3  - 495 939  
modafinil cannot be excl  -  -  -  - 115 310 
reboxetine cannot be excl -  -  -  -  107 552 
imipramine   9 3 3 3 800 
N07 Other nervous system drugs
acamprosate insigni-
ficant		 3 3 0 0 193 594  
nicotine insigni-
ficant		 3 0 0 3 124 335 
buprenorphine insigni-
ficant		 6
N.B		 3 0 3
N.B		 557 550 
C 184 748 
varenicline insigni-
ficant		 9 3 3 3 323 625  
naloxone cannot be excl 4 3 0 1 - 
C 191 173 
riluzole cannot be excl 8
N.B		 3 3
N.B		 2
N.B		 34 916 
ambenonium cannot be excl - - - - 9 219 
disulfiramum cannot be excl - - - - 481 130 
methadone cannot be excl - - - - 1 042 132 
neostigmine cannot be excl - - - - 3 725 
C 22 420 
pilocarpine cannot be excl - - - - 828 647 
C 2 306 205 
bupropion   6 3 0 3 422 375 
pyridostigmine   6
N.B.		 3
N.B.		 0 3 92 593 
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