Environment and pharmaceuticals / Environmentially classified pharmaceuticals / N Nervous system

Environmentally classified pharmaceuticals

Two substances may have the same risk values but different PBT values, but the risk assessment can also be different even if the PBT values are the same. When assessing a medication's environmental impact, consideration should be given to both environmental risk and environmental hazard since bioaccumulation and persistence are not included in the risk assessment.

The Swedish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry conducted the environmental risk assessment, beginning in 2005.

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Last updated: 2010-06-11

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N Nervous system

Substance	Risk	PBT	P	B	T	Volume in DDD	ATC
Anesthetics							N01
lidocaine	insigni- ficant	3	3	0	0	44 C, E 1 027 747	C05A A01 C05A A08 C01B B01 D04A B01 H02A B04 J01D D54 N01B B02 N01B B20 N01B B52 R02A D02 S01J A51
prilocaine	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	-	N01B B04 N01B B54 N01B B20
propofol	low	6	3	0	3	-	N01A X10
droperiodol	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	-	N01A X01
mepivacaine	cannot be excl	4 N.B.	3 N.B.	0	1 N.B.	- C 103 969	L02A A02 N01B B03 N01B B53
bupivacaine	cannot be excl	5 N.B.	3 N.B.	0	2 N.B.	-	N01B B51 N01B B01
epinephrine	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	141 834	C01C A24 N01B B58 N01B B53 N01B B52 N01B B51 N01B B02
ropivacaine	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	-	N01B B09
fentanyl	cannot be excl	7	3	3	1	427 930 excl inj liquid	N01A H01 N02A B03
alfentanil	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	-	N01A H02
capsaicin	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	-	N01B X04
desflurane	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	-	N01A B07
isoflurane	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	-	N01A B06
ketamine	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	-	N01A X03 N01A X14
sufentanil	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	-	N01A H03
thiopental	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	-	N01A F03
Analgesics							N02
codeine	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	70 927 C 5 498 136	R05D A04 N02A A59 N02A G01 N02B E51 M01A E51
sumatriptan	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	735 104	N02C C01
paracetamol	low	5	3	0	2	23 060 735 C 5 493 537	N02B E01 N02B E51 N02A A59 M03B A52 M03B C51
acetylsalicylic acid	moderate	1	0	0	1	38 179 794 C 9 791 613	B01A C06 N02B A01 N02A A59 N02B A51 B01A C30
buprenorphin	insigni- ficant	3	3	0	0	391 378 C 205 923	N02A E01 N07B C01 N07B C51
fentanyl	cannot be excl	7	3	3	1	427 930 excl inj liquid	N01A H01 N02A B03
morphine	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	437 234 C 40 093	N02A A01 N02A G01
phenazone	insigni- ficant	3	3	0	0	- C 46 431	N02AB B51
naratriptan	insigni- ficant	3	3	0	0	8 340	N02C C02
rizatriptan	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	238 422	N02C C04
pizotifen	insigni- ficant	6 N.B.	3	0	3 N.B.	34 163	N02C X01
ergotamine	low	7	3	3	1	- C 40 934	N02C A52 N02C A72
zolmitriptan	cannot be excl	4 N.B.	3	0	1 N.B.	390 380	N02C C03
dextropro- poxiphene	cannot be excl	8 N.B.	3	3	2 N.B.	1 329 489 -	N02A C04
eletriptan	cannot be excl	5 N.B.	3 N.B.	3	2 N.B.	20 567	N02C C06
pethidine	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	1 476	N02A B02
tramadol	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	2 366 772	N02A X02
Antiepileptics							N03
carbamazepine	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	1 075 926	N03A F01
valproic acid	cannot be excl	4 N.B.	3	0	1 N.B.	977 325	N03A G01
fosphenytoin	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	6 976	N03A B05
gabapentin	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	590 480	N03A X12
zonisamide	insigni- ficant	1	0	0	1	40 418	N03A AX15
clonazepam	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	124 385	N03A E01
lamotrigine	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	908 801	N03A AX09
oxcarbazepine	cannot be excl	3	3	0	0	68 500	N03A F02
vigabatrin	cannot be excl	4 N.B.	3 N.B.	0	1 N.B.	11 166	N03A G04
ethosuximide	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	11 172	N03A D01
phenytoin	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	473 717	N03A B02
felbamate	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	323	N03A AX10
Anti-Parkinson drugs							N04
levodopaa	insigni- ficant	2	0	0	2	- C 976 936	N04B A03 N04B A02
benserazidee	insigni- ficant	5	3	0	2	- C 803 421	N04B A02
caribodopa	cannot be excl	5 N.B.	3 N.B.	0	2 N.B.	- C 976 936	N04B A03 N04B A02
pramipexole	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	266 210	N04B C05
entacapone	low	5 N.B.	3	0	2 N.B.	96 245 C 173 514	N04B A03 N04B X02
selegilin	cannot be excl	-	-	0	-	113 132	N04B D01
rasagilin	cannot be excl	-	-	-	3 N.B.	89 628	N04B D02
cabergoline	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	21 040	N04B C06 G02C B03
tolcapone	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	5 859	N04B X01
trihexyphenidyl	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	197 009	N04A A01
bromocriptine		9	3	3	3	158 144	N04B C01 G02C B01
Psycholeptics							N05
lithium	none					1 185 920	N05A N01 V04C X
olanzapine	insigni- ficant	6	3	0	3	1 241 657	N05A H03
risperidone	insigni- ficant	8	3	3	2	616 473	N05A X08
clozapine	insigni- ficant	9	3	3	3	309 453	N05A H02
zopiclone	cannot be excl	8 N.B.	3	3 N.B.	2 N.B.	13 459 927	N05C F01
oxazepam	cannot be excl	-	-	0	-	2 092 624	N05B A04
perphenazine	cannot be excl	-	-	3	-	391 178	N05A B03
hydroxyzine	cannot be excl	-	-	0	-	1 837 999	N05B B01
zuclopen- thixol	cannot be excl	-	-	-	3 N.B.	411 541	N05A F05
propiomazine	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	9 253 203	N05C M06
diazepam		6 N.B.	3 N.B.	0	3 N.B.	2 402 568	N05B A01
clomethiazole	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	128 297	N05C M02
nitrazepam	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	1 227 064	N05C D02
palperidone	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	12 432	N05A X13
midazolam	insigni- ficant	5	3	0	2	113 259	N05C D08
zolpidem	insigni- ficant	5	3	0	2	7 959 692	N05C F02
aripiprazole	insigni- ficant	6	3	0	3	221 640	N05A X12
haloperidol	insigni- ficant	8 N.B.	3 N.B.	3	2	539 090	N05A D01
flunitrazepam	cannot be excl	4	3	0	1	1 091 076	N05C D03
buspiron	cannot be excl	4 N.B.	3	0	1 N.B.	226 904	N05B E01
levome- promazine	cannot be excl	6	3	0	3	145 792	N05A A02
fluphenazine	cannot be excl	6 N.B.	3	0	3 N.B.	17 825	N05A B02
prochlor- perazine	cannot be excl	8 N.B.	3	3 N.B.	2 N.B.	4 729	N05A B04
flupentixol	cannot be excl	-	-	-	3 N.B.	162 919	N05A D01
chlorpro- thixene	cannot be excl	-	-	-	3 N.B.	22 295	N05A F03
sertindole	cannot be excl	-	-	-	3 N.B.	2 023	N05A E03
alprazolam	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	1 645 918	N05B A12
lorazepam	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	126 580	N05B A06
melperone	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	13 224	N05A D03
triazolam	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	90 337	N05C D05
zaleplon	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	246 358	N05C F03
ziprasidone	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	103 440	N05A E04
Psychoanaleptics							N06
methylphenidate	insigni- ficant	5	3	0	2	2 240 318	N06B A04
venlafaxin	insigni- ficant	5 N.B.	3 N.B.	0	2	3 704 32	N06A X16
amitriptyline	insigni- ficant	6 N.B.	3 N.B.	0	3	1 139 927	N06A A09
mirtazapine	insigni- ficant	8 N.B.	3	3	2 N.B.	3 664 723	N06A X11
citalopram	insigni- ficant	9 N.B.	3	3	3 N.B.	12 412 146	N06A B04
fluoxetine	low	6	3	0	3	3 004 599	N06A B03
galanthamine	low	6	3	0	3	820 026	N06D A04
sertraline	moderate	6	3	0	3	9 191 563	N06A B06
donepezil	cannot be excl	6 N.B.	3	0	3 N.B.	773 077	N06D A02
rivastigmine	insigni- ficant	5	3	0	2	219 202	N06D A03
clomipramine		6	3	0	3	525 656	N06A A04
moclobemide	insigni- ficant	4	3	0	1	103 968	N06A G02
atomoxetine	insigni- ficant	6	3	0	3	173 731	N06B A09
fluvoxamin	insigni- ficant	6	3	0	3	39 270	N06A B08
duloxetin	insigni- ficant	6 N.B.	3 N.B.	0	3	1 773 388	N06A X21
paroxetine	insigni- ficant	6 N.B.	3	0	3 N.B.	1 688 546	N06A B05
escitalopram	insigni- ficant	9 N.B.	3	3	3 N.B.	3 100 280	N06A B10
mianserin	low	9	3	3	3	195 243	N06A X03
trimipramine	cannot be excl	6	3	0	3	10 920	N06A A06
nortriptyline	cannot be excl	9 N.B.	3	3	3 N.B.	75 942	N06A A21
memantin	cannot be excl	-	-	3	-	374 910	N06D X01
modafinil	insigni- ficant	-	-	-	-	121 010	N06B A07
reboxetin	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	111 528	N06A X18
maprotiline		6	3	0	3	15 832	N06A A21
imipramine		9	3	3	3	925	N06A A04
Other nervous system drugs							N07
acamposate	insigni- ficant	3	3	0	0	204 790	N07B B03
nicotine	insigni- ficant	3	0	0	3	114 121	N07B A01
bupropion		6	3	0	3	274 415	N07B A02
buprenorphine	insigni- ficant	3	3	0	0	391 378 C 205 923	N07B C01 N02A E01 N07B C51
ambenonium	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	6 635	N07A A30
methadone	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	623 890	N07B C02
neostigmine	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	2 800 C 19 800	N07A A01 N07A A51
pilocarpine	cannot be excl	-	-	-	-	694 661 C 1 899 363	N07A X01 S01E B01 S01E D52 S01E D51
pyridostigmine		6 N.B.	3 N.B.	0	3	81 514	N07A A02
riluzole	cannot be excl	8 obs!	3	3 obs!	2 obs!	34 916	N07X X02
naloxene						- C 207 245	V03A B15 N07B C51 N02A A55
varenicline	insigni- ficant	6	3	0	3	252 569	N07B A03